Quantum Computing — How Will it Affect the Legal Profession?

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The Kennedy-Mighell Report

Quantum Computing — How Will it Affect the Legal Profession?

02/04/2019

[Music]

Intro: Web 2.0, Innovation, Trend, Collaboration, Software, Metadata… Got the world turning as fast as it can, hear how technology can help, legally speaking with two of the top legal technology experts, authors and lawyers, Dennis Kennedy and Tom Mighell. Welcome to The Kennedy-Mighell Report here on the Legal Talk Network.

[Music]

Dennis Kennedy: And welcome to Episode #230 of The Kennedy-Mighell Report. I am Dennis Kennedy in Ann Arbor.

Tom Mighell: And I am Tom Mighell in Dallas. Before we get started, we would like to thank our sponsors.

Dennis Kennedy: First, we want to say thank you to TextExpander for sponsoring our show. Communicate Smarter with TextExpander. Gather, Perfect, and Share Your Knowledge. Recall your best words instantly and repeatedly. Learn more at textexpander.com/podcast.

Tom Mighell: And we would also like to thank ServeNow, a nationwide network of trusted, prescreened process servers. Work with the most professional process servers who have experience with high volume serves, embrace technology, and understand the litigation process. Visit serve-now.com to learn more.

Dennis Kennedy: In our last episode we went back to the basics, I mean the very basics and explored what we mean by the term legal technology today. We got a great response to the episode into the Quadrant Chart we discussed in the episode when I posted that chart on my blog and on LinkedIn.

As Tom well knows when we do a really basic topic I get a little antsy and want to go completely in the other direction, cover and edgy or super complicated topic for the next episode. I’ve actually managed to talk Tom into going about as far out there as we can possibly go these days, you’ll see.

Tom, what’s all on our agenda for this episode?

Tom Mighell: Well Dennis, in this edition of The Kennedy-Mighell Report, we will indeed be traveling out to the bleeding edge of technology and giving you an introduction to Quantum Computing, its probable practical impacts and whether lawyers now have to be thinking about quantum computing.

In our second segment, we’ve got an audience question, yeah! About virtual home assistants in the office and as usual, we’ll finish up with our parting shots, that one tip, website or observation you can start to use the second that this podcast is over.

But first up, Quantum Computing and how it might impact us in the legal profession sooner than you might think, or not, or how it will and it won’t simultaneously. That’s a quantum mechanics joke by the way. I’m not even sure what kind of joke I just made, Dennis. I mean the subject has definitely made this Liberal Arts educated brain explode. So for this episode, I am going to stick you with the responsibility of defining Quantum Computing. Are you up for this challenge?

Dennis Kennedy: I’m totally up for the challenge, and I will remind you that technically I am an English Major. So I do have the Liberal Arts background too. First, as I kind of get psyched up to give a definition, I have a little short detour.

So every time I think of Quantum Computing, and it’s been this way for a while. I kind of focus on this movie called ‘Kiss Me Deadly’, which is a film noir classic and there’s all these scenes of this guy driving around with a briefcase full of this glowing material that you assume to be some sort of highly radioactive substance. And without totally giving the movie away he opens up that suitcase at the end and like there’s a gigantic atomic explosion.

So I can’t help you think of Quantum Computing as like this computer that has like this incredible forces of nature in it that could do good or could kind of blow up on us in this weird radioactive way.

That said we probably need to get a little more practical than that. I don’t know if when I first brought up Quantum Computing which is something we’ve talked about a little bit off and on over the years as a potential topic. What do you think other than — maybe it’s like a little further out in the future than I do?

Tom Mighell: I know. Wait a minute, Dennis. I mean we — we flip this so that you would give the definition. My initial reaction to Quantum Computing is like I said brain exploded. I think after I’ve learned a little bit more about it I feel — I feel less uncomfortable with it than I was before, but I still think that that you owe us the definition before we can go further.

Dennis Kennedy: And that’s what I’m here to do. Scientists are looking at sort of the wild world of quantum mechanics and the properties of subatomic particles and saying can they be used in ways to do computing.

(00:05:01)

And I don’t think we need to go into a lot of detail about this, but so there’s a couple of ideas that are out there and so we’re moving away from bits, the zeros and ones, to something that’s much more complicated which they’re calling Qubits, Q-U-B-I-T-S, and we’re taking advantage of instead of the On/Off notion in these particles, you can have On and Off and you can have different states. You can be sort of two things, two different things at once so sorts of things and you start to build off those complications and to use those states as is a way, as a basis for calculation.

And so you can do much more complex calculations faster and they’re starting to do the technologies that will allow you to kind of use those states in a coordinated way, like so we are moving beyond the on/off of zeros and ones and that’s the — and that’s what gives the potential of it, and it’s a difficult thing that they’re starting to do. But scientists are actually making a fair amount of progress these days. How’s that, Tom?

Tom Mighell: I mean I think it’s okay. I still don’t understand it. I think and to take my own detour, I am a big fan of the author Neal Stephenson, who’s done some great books ‘Cryptonomicon’ and some other books that have been just really great to read. He did a recent book called, ‘The Rise and Fall of D.O.D.O.’, that did not have the exact — the same popularity that some of his other books have had, but it was along the same lines of this topic.

They were creating a quantum computer or creating some type of quantum-based technology using quantum Mechanics to actually find a way to reproduce magic that had disappeared in the world, and like not just sleight of hand magic, but literal magic. And I’ve got to tell you that I skipped all over completely the Quantum Computing and Quantum Mechanics explanation, and they actually went into a lot of explanation about what they were doing.

But and a lot of that actually has application of what we’re talking about today, but here’s what I get from it. Even though I’m not scientific, even though I don’t understand it, I do understand the notion of instead of using regular bits with ones and zeros, we’re using quantum bits, that’s been shortened like you say to Qubits.

What the quantum environment allows is letting a computer investigate different paths to get to the right answer and the wrong answer all at the same time, and paths to the wrong answer will give a clue, will give some sort of interference that this is the wrong answer and pass to the right answer will harmonize, they will constructively interfere. So you can see them.

And I think that one of the — as you say one of the parts about the Quantum Mechanics is that a qubit has the capability of what they call entanglement. It has the ability to be in multiple states at the same time. It can be up, down, here or there, all the same time, thus my earlier joke that I really didn’t understand. And I think that those of you who may have heard the thing about Schrödinger’s cat, that when a cat’s in the box, the cat could be dead or it could be alive and therefore it has the possibility of existing in two different states. Until you open the box, you don’t know.

And I thought well maybe that’s an explanation of what Quantum Mechanics is until I read an interview with a computer scientist named Scott Aaronson who called the Schrödinger’s cat analogy gesturing towards something in the vicinity of the truth.

So I still don’t even know what it is and then I so — I guess to wrap up my definition of Quantum Mechanics, I’m going to rely on Richard Feynman. Richard Feynman is a physicist who was responsible for helping to build for the atom bomb program in the 40s and was a very prominent physicist and his statement I think is what sums it up for me the whole time.

If you think you understand Quantum Mechanics, then you don’t understand Quantum Mechanics, and that’s real. I am just going to lay that out there and say I am going to spend — I want us to spend the majority of the time saying okay, let’s not try to understand it, let’s try and understand what it can do for us.

Dennis Kennedy: Yeah. And so I think that’s right. I think that we can kind of gloss over the technicalities all the way. I actually had a physicist friend who was really interested in the whole world of entanglement, who spent hours trying to explain that to me.

(00:09:58)

So I have a little tiny better understanding of that and I actually think that you — I disagree when how you used entanglement. So to me entanglement is when you have two particles that are separated by, can be massive distances able to do the same thing at the same time as if they know what the other is doing or communicate in ways that kind of break the laws of physics.

But it’s a wacky world out there. All we know is although we care about is that, it’s a new way of computing that’s superfast and it’s the idea came up with Richard Feynman in 1959. People have been working on a long time, a lot of progress has been made say in the last 10 years. We especially see IBM doing some things now. If you want to actually experiment using quantum computing, you can go to the IBM’s Q site, which I sort of think of as Quantum Computing as a service.

So it’s out there. How soon it’s going to happen, we don’t know. I just saw a story the other day that said parts for building quantum computers are actually really difficult to get and presumably expensive as well but –

So things are happening out there and I think that we’ll probably see even more in the next say two to five, two to 10 years, and it could be really exciting. So I think the real question, that I have Tom is the usual ones. So what, so what will Quantum Computing actually allow us to do that the people who are involved with it are so excited about?

Tom Mighell: So real quick. I want to come real quick back to IBM’s project, the Q System, because they actually unveiled — in our last episode we talked about some of the things that interested us most at the Consumer Electronics Show, neither of us at the time mentioned the debut of the Q System One at CES, which IBM described as the world’s first fully integrated universal quantum computing system designed for scientific and commercial use.

Notice that it said designed. It didn’t say ready and I think the general thought about this is that they’re not looking at this computer that can start to solve problems, but as a computer that allows scientists and other companies to test and further develop what you can do with a quantum computer in the first place, which I think — what I’ve read about it generally says it’s not an incredible breakthrough but it is a solid productive step towards commercial realization of quantum computing.

So I think that — I don’t know that two to five years is accurate, but most of what I say, says that full-scale use of quantum computing is still a fairly long ways off for folks like us.

And so, to get that what I see that Quantum Computing will allow us to do is, I view that the main benefit of Quantum Computing is to do things faster than traditional computing could do. So the types of things that lawyers need to do that what are the types of things that they need to do faster? So machine learning is one thing that quantum computing can do. So to improve machine learning in the eDiscovery or the Document Review Context, certainly I think legal research I think will be an area that could be improved by that. It will be able to take information from everywhere and analyze it and provide answers in a much shorter period of time.

It will allow I think due diligence to be performed better, intellectual property or things like that. Those are some of the areas that I think are the most — are the most interesting. I will say one of the things it’s not necessarily related to the law, but I think that’s going to be interesting about Quantum Computing is the idea that quantum computing can crack or will be able to crack most types of encryption, which at first glance may seem to be not a very good thing, but when you also consider the fact that quantum computing will also enable an even stronger type of encryption, they call it Quantum Key Distribution, very highly secure encryption. I feel a lot more confident that that even though quantum computing may break all the encryption that we currently have at least there’s an answer for it.

So those are the types of things that I see. There are a couple more that maybe we want to talk about but those are the some of the major things that at least excite me about what quantum computing can do. Dennis.

Dennis Kennedy: Right. So I think it’s the speed, the complex math and modeling. So obviously people work on quantum computing don’t really have the practice of law, the forefront of their thinking.

(00:15:02)

So the general idea of quantum computing was, it’s going to be the way you can model and figure out what was happening in the Quantum Mechanics world. It would give you the power and the speed to do that.

So we keep that in mind and then we say with the complex math that brings us potentially into as Tom said, into a new area of — a new era of cryptography, both being able to potentially break current models and to create new ones. So it’s important to understand what’s going on there as more and more things that are encrypted, and then this notion of speed as you think of it is kind of executing in multiple paths. So database queries, speed improvement, search improvement in general is another thing, and then as I said, I think these, the models. So you might think what — so the weather models and predictions might get better and then as Tom also said that with quantum computing we’re going to be able to do with more machine learning, more in the AI world of and handle large amounts of data better and then potentially get better results with small amounts of data in AI.

But it’s all sort of — we’re sort of guessing what’s out there. When you think of a dramatic increase of speed and power then it’s — you just have to think, you say okay, these seems like, the likely things. But we don’t know exactly what those will be, because other advances in technology that were significant, like this could be really had some unexpected impact.

You think of the lasers and once we get to the blue laser era all sorts of things became possible. So with quantum computing there could be a lot of things that are unexpected and I don’t know, to me Tom, there sort of is this notion of Quantum Computing as a Service, where I don’t have to worry about carrying around that that sort of led briefcase in the trunk of my car with all sorts of radioactive material in it, but I could just access a quantum computer or think of it as a quantum server over the internet and actually get the processing and the work done for me. I think that’s sort of probably the experience a lot of us would have with quantum computers, not that we would kind of have one sitting on our desk.

Tom Mighell: Well, and the IBM service really is Quantum Computing as a Service, because they’re essentially renting the service from IBM to do it, and not only the led briefcase but I don’t think you can make it in a briefcase. Dennis, I think it’s still a pretty big device and because of the energy required, you have to have a very cold environment which I believe I read somewhere, somewhere in the range of minus 457 degrees Fahrenheit. So certainly you’re not going to carry that around with you. That was one of the main issues in the book that I read, where they had to find a place where it could be sufficiently cold to maintain the equipment appropriately. So I think there’s an issue there.

The other application that I find very fascinating but I still again don’t understand because I don’t — I can understand how quantum computing could enable things to happen much faster, because if a traditional computer takes 100 iterations to search 100 different numbers, a quantum computer only needs 10 iterations to search those 100 numbers. So it can do it that much faster. I get that. That makes sense to me.

What I find fascinating, but I still don’t understand is, is that they’re saying that the quantum computing will also be able to find new chemical catalysts. Be able to develop new battery materials or determine new materials that can help batteries, have more capacity last longer, thinking more not just of the batteries that you put into your remote control, but the batteries that you put into your car, the cars could even go for much longer when you do that. And the fact that it would be quantum computing that would be determining this and figuring that out, is very interesting to me, but again this is where the limits of my understanding really sort of go.

Now so I guess the real question here Dennis is, is that we’ve kind of talked about what lawyers might do with this? Is this part of the whole lawyer’s duty of technical competence?

(00:20:01)

I mean do we feel like this is something lawyers need to know about to be technologically competent? I would say probably not, right?

Dennis Kennedy: Well, I think we want to be aware of the existence and because of the potential issue on encryption, we want to kind of monitor events. I mean I think you said, you put it well when you said that here are the things we could do that in battery technology, chemicals, physics all these other things.

So believe me if you’re in Quantum Computing, law is not on your radar at all. It’s also not as you’re saying, it’s not like something you do in your garage, you’re not going to solder up some quantum gates and run out to your — the particle accelerator you have in your garage.

So you’re going to use this — it could be that you end up using quantum computing in a way that you think you’re just using a service that this is at the background. So I think that for the most part, I don’t, so security encryption, we want to be aware of what’s going on there and especially if the bad guys get a hold of this and start breaking all sorts of encryption, then we want to know what kind of steps that we need to take.

I think if you’re a patent lawyer in this field then obviously it’s something you need to know a lot about, but there’s not — there may be a few of them listening to this podcast, maybe more than a few, but that’s going to be a limited subset.

The other thing that I think is going to become really interesting and it’s just — this is starting now, which is to say there are algorithms out there and we’re seeing this in AI and machine learning where I take lawyers to especially the litigators and trial lawyers are going to have to explain this stuff and there’s a great term I saw is how I use the other day we need to learn how to interrogate algorithms.

So we need to understand what algorithms are being used to make predictions and to draw conclusions especially from AI. And then we need to know how to interrogate those. So I think you’re going to see the use of more things in AI are going to be facilitated through quantum computing and that’s the part where that lawyers might need to be involved.

So you might have something where a decision is made by an AI and you’re going to have to understand sort of what’s happening so that you — if you think it was an unfair decision, how do you address that. So those are sort of the things that that I see. Tom, did you have — I don’t know if there are things in the eDiscovery world as well, because when somebody starts doing something using quantum computing that may lead to some kind of electronic evidence of some sort.

Tom Mighell: No, the only thing I would say and I will take the sort of opposing position to this, which is if we take it face value that the duty of technology competence requires you to understand the technology that you use in service of your clients, then I would say quantum computing is not one of those things, because right now there’s no application, there’s nothing that we could be using for to do that.

So I think that from a purely definitional standpoint, there’s not a requirement that we know about it. I think that in terms of interrogating algorithms, again, this is where some of my knowledge starts to get a little bit lean, but I would argue that it is easier to understand an AI algorithm using traditional computing than it will be to explain an algorithm based on a quantum system that has developed or is using that.

Now, there may be some similarities but I think that being able to get to that point, we’re not there yet and I’m hoping that between now and then we find a way to explain it. I hope we find a way to understand it so that people can talk about it when we get there, but I still think we’re ways off from getting there.

What I’m happy that Dennis you and I are being able to do is, is that I think that it’s important that lawyers keep this sort of thing on their radar, so that they know that it’s out there, they know that something might be happening, so that it’s not going to hit them in the head and go where was I and why didn’t I know about any of this.

And so I think that’s one of the great values here, and so I’m glad that we do this on the podcast. I just think that we’re still a little ways off at least for practical application where lawyers are going to have to understand a lot about it.

Dennis Kennedy: Yeah. I would say with the probably obvious exception, if you’re — you have a client who’s a Quantum Computing company then your obligation to understand the technology is going to go up significantly compared to other people.

(00:25:00)

I also don’t see quantum computing frankly as a buzzword that’s going to get thrown around in legal tech. I personally would focus on blockchain and AI and other of those buzzwords before quantum computing. And I agree with you Tom, this is really — we do this episode, this is sort of like one of our regular occasional series of introducing sort of big new technologies just to get people thinking about them.

And that’s a fun thing that we like to do with the podcast.

Tom Mighell: And with that, let’s take a break for a message from our sponsors.

[Music]

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Tom Mighell: And now let’s get back to The Kennedy-Mighell Report. I’m Tom Mighell.

Dennis Kennedy: And I am Dennis Kennedy. We so want to feature audience questions from our voicemail line in this segment and we have one for this episode as Tom said earlier so eloquently, yay, it’s from Mike, an attorney in South Carolina. It’s about one of Tom’s favorite topics virtual assistants.

Here’s Mike’s question.

Mike: Good morning. I really enjoy the podcast. This is Mike. I’m an attorney in Columbia, South Carolina. I was wondering where you guys fell on whether it is appropriate to have smart assistants like Echo or Echo Dot or any of the Google smart assistants in your office at work. I’m a little bit wary of having them because I’m a little bit wary about having something that’s listening to me all the time and was wondering what y’all thought about that.

Dennis Kennedy: Tom, do you want to give your answer and I’ll see if I agree.

Tom Mighell: Sure. So I have a couple of responses to this and I think different options. I think Mike you’re absolutely right to be wary of smart assistants being able to hear everything you say. When we look at new technologies as lawyers, part of that Duty of technology competence that we talk about is to evaluate the risk of using them and understand what those risks are, weigh them against the benefits of the technology and act accordingly.

And the biggest potential risk I think and we’ve talked about this a couple times on the podcast of using smart assistants is that violation of lawyer-client confidentiality or I would say potential violation of lawyer-client confidentiality. I think it’s important to understand what these smart assistants do or at least say they do anyway and I take them at their word when they say this.

I’m going to speak for both Google and Amazon here. Both say that these devices the Echo, the Google Home are always on listening but one, they’re only listening for the wake word whether it’s the A word for Echo, I’m going to — I don’t want to set anybody’s Echo off, so I’m not going to say everything or hey G for Google devices.

So if they’re recording anything, it’s a repeated loop of the past few seconds looking to see whether that wake word, those words were said, then what they tell us is they delete that loop and start all over again. So they’re not recording information in long bits, they’re waiting just to hear that word.

So theoretically, your Echo or your Google Home is not going to record anything until you say the wake word and once you say that then yes, everything you say after that wake word is going to be recorded and you should assume that’s going to be kept if not for forever at least for a very long time.

So Google doesn’t promise and Amazon doesn’t promise that they’re going to get rid of that information anytime soon. So obviously when you know it’s listening to you and when you know it’s trying to take out instructions, you don’t want to have somebody in the back spouting off confidential information.

(00:29:57)

But my opinion is, is that in all other times, I think you’re safe to have otherwise privileged conversations, because I think if we take them at their word, your words are not being recorded, whether — rather if they are being recorded, it’s only a few seconds and then they’re immediately being recorded over.

However if that still doesn’t make you feel better, if you can’t take Google or Amazon at your word, the good news is, is that all of these devices have the ability for you to turn off the microphone when you don’t want it to hear you talking.

So if a client comes into your office you can turn off the microphone to have your confidential conversation then turn it back on when you’re by yourself or when you want to use the Assistant to get some information have it be useful to you. The best part about these is that they are functional in that way and you can with a simple flick of the switch you can do that anytime you want.

And so my advice is to invest in one of them. Try it out, see for yourself how it works. Some of them are really dirt cheap, you mentioned the Echo Dot, some of those are really not very expensive at all. So it’s definitely worth the investment to give it a try and see for yourself. Dennis how about you?

Dennis Kennedy: Yeah, I’m just — I agree with you, and I think that this is one of these things where people look at technology sort of in isolation and I would say compared to what, I mean look at what you’re already doing.

So in my whole legal career I can’t even — it’s incomprehensible to me like how much confidential information I’ve heard lawyers talking about in restaurants and airports. I mean it’s without even trying. So it’s like the chance that your device might pick up something is compared to look at the rest of your behaviors, look at speaker phones, the stuff you hear on that all the time, miss sent emails all sorts of things. So I think that you want to be sort of realistic about the concern. I don’t think you want to go. I think Tom is right. You can you can turn things off, you can do other things, you can — it’s sort of awareness if you say. I’m having this really sensitive conversation, I will step away from that device if I’m really that concerned about it.

I get a picture of — I used to one of my law partners had a secretary and when she made personal calls they got to be really personal. She would like crawl under her desk and was talking on the phone like in whispers where we were all just kind of looking there like what in the world is going on. But also we were all trying to listen in at the same time, because we knew it had to be super sensitive.

So I don’t think you have to hide under your desk from these devices, but I think you could say if I’m concerned about it I can take precautions. I think you do want to focus and say, okay what are the benefits that — so what am I trading off. So there’s some cool things happening with timekeeping, other things that you can do with these devices and they can certainly look up things for you and be an entertainment system, background music that sort of thing.

So just take reasonable steps. I don’t really see it as a big concern. I would use one at work in the right setting. Probably not the greatest thing if you’re in an open office plan, but there’s other reasons that that you wouldn’t use it in an open office plan as well.

So now it’s time for our parting shots, that one tip, website or observation you can use the second this podcast ends. Tom, take it away.

Tom Mighell: So I will confess that I haven’t used this yet but I’m interested in using it and it’s a tool called History Search. And History Search is it really wants to be the memory for your web searches and what History Search does is, is that it actually indexes the text on webpages that you visit. It indexes them, it makes them fully text searchable. It integrates with Google, so that when you are on the Google search page, it will come up with whatever things you found on pages. So theoretically you can have it indexed the things that you want it to so that you can always have in a searchable format a lot of the pages that you have searched before and you want to go back to again.

You can also set things as favorite. So it can be a bookmarking service as well. It’ll search, sort search results by list or domain. You can blacklist sites so that they don’t appear in your search results. You can delete search results from your things anytime you want to. You can download your data to a CSV file and keep it in an Excel spreadsheet if you want to keep it.

I’m sort of intrigued by this as a way to kind of keep my memory of the webpages that I’ve searched before. It’s free for 3000 pages of web activity. It’ll cost you about $50 a year for 30,000 pages and then what is that about $60 a year for or maybe $75 bucks a year for unlimited pages.

(00:35:02)

So it’s intriguing. I think I may give the free one a shot to see what it does, see how well that keeps things together so that it makes things easier to search. It’s called historysearch.com.

Dennis Kennedy: Tom, while you’re describing, then I just have this picture of you like being in one of those Frankenstein movies where they put those metal things on your head with the wires out of them and pull this big power switch and it’s like everything in your brain is being downloaded over to Google but —

Tom Mighell: That’s the image, that’s the image you got.

Dennis Kennedy: That’s the image I have.

Tom Mighell: Okay.

Dennis Kennedy: But I think you’re more comfortable with that than I am. So my parting shot is a follow-up from our last podcast. I have put up the Legal Technology Definition Quadrant Chart that I put together Version 1.0, up on my blog. There’s also a discussion of it on LinkedIn. You can use a — so it’s — to me the easiest thing is to either go to my blog and you’ll find it, it’s called Legal Technology Definition Quadrant Chart 1.0. You can also do a Google search on that it’s probably the easiest way to do that and we will put the URL in the show notes as well.

The other thing Tom and I have been able to do for listeners to the show is that we have a 20% discount code until March 31st, 2019 for our book ‘The Lawyer’s Guide to Collaboration Tools and Technologies’ you just go to the ABA online store. Use the discount code when you go to the checkout of TECHTOOL19, so TECHTOOL19, all caps on TECHTOOL, and you’ll get a 20% discount on the book.

Tom Mighell: And so that wraps it up for this edition of The Kennedy-Mighell Report. Thanks for joining us on the podcast. You can find show notes for this episode at tkmreport.com.

If you like what you hear, please subscribe to our podcast in iTunes or on the Legal Talk Network site, where you can find archives of all of our previous podcasts, or suggest a topic at our new document that’s at bit.ly/2QNwhZu.

If you would like to get in touch with us, please reach out to us on LinkedIn, or as you can tell from this episode. Please leave us a voicemail at (720) 441-6820.

So until the next podcast, I am Tom Mighell.

Dennis Kennedy: And I am Dennis Kennedy, and you have been listening to The Kennedy-Mighell Report, a podcast on legal technology with an Internet focus.

If you liked what you heard today, please rate us in Apple Podcasts. And we will see you next time for another episode of The Kennedy-Mighell Report on the Legal Talk Network.

[Music]

Outro: Thanks for listening to The Kennedy-Mighell Report. Check out Dennis and Tom’s book, ‘The Lawyer’s Guide to Collaboration Tools and Technologies: Smart Ways to Work Together’ from ABA Books or Amazon, and join us every other week for another edition of The Kennedy-Mighell Report, only on the Legal Talk Network.

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